Biological Significance of Hypercalcitoninemia and Hypocalcemia in Blood under Different State of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Ontogenesis of Rats

It is known that carbohydrate metabolism is connected with calcium metabolism and that some disturbances of calcium metabolism can play the definite role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus [1,2]. The changing of insulin secretion was found under hypo-and hyperparathyroidism [3], hypocalcemia, induced by parathyroidectomy [4], primary hyperparathyroidism with hyper calcemia [5]. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism after operation is higher than in control [6]. Intracellular Ca2+ plays a key role in metabolic disorders associated with obesity and insulin resistance [7]. Calcium sediment in bone, its absorption in intestine is decreased and calcium excretion with urine is increased in men and rats under diabetes mellitus [8-10]. Total calcium content in the blood serum in patients with diabetes mellitus are in norm [11,12], at that ionizing calcium concentration is decreased [13], moreover in children till 16 years old the differences are the most significant in comparison with healthy persons [11]. Disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism can also act on calcium metabolism not only in adult individuals, but and in their posterity. Thus, in rats (female) with diabetes mellitus and reduced mass there are some disorders in fetus structure skeleton and delays of skeleton development in kind of the decreasing of skeleton calcification and reducing calcium content in kidney, liver, serum, placenta [14]. It is suggested that reduced calcium level can promote to the development of the disorders of bone tissue under diabetes mellitus [11]. Moreover, it is established the increasing of Ca and P excretion with urine under the metabolic syndrome, what positively correlated with the glycemia and the insulin level in blood [15] and the intensification of bone restoration, that it is connected with the disturbance of Ca-P metabolism and the secretion of calcium-regulating hormones: calcium-reducing hormone-calcitonin (CT) and calcium-increasing hormone parathyroid (PTH) [16]. On the other hand, the disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were revealed under the primary hyperparathyroidism [17]. Some authors [12,18] consider that negative calcium balance under diabetes mellitus happens because of metabolic disturbances due to insulin deficiency. This fact is worth of taking into account as far as just recently it was discussed about CT participant in the development of insulin resistance [19]. The shifts in neuroendocrine regulation of glucose metabolism, in one’s turn, are indifferent for the secretion of calcium-regulating hormones. The increasing of CT and PTH secretion was established in patient with the primary manifested diabetes mellitus [1], and the decreasing of calcium and PTH concentration and the increasing of CT level in blood were discovered in healthy persons to an answer on glucose load [20]. In healthy persons in 90-240 minutes after glucose load the increasing CT level is revealed in hypoglycemic phase [21].